Idiopathic SIADH: 4 years of diagnostic wandering.

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Concepts of medical imaging in the work up and follow-up of cancer : oncological imaging at a glance.

editorial reviewedOncological imaging is a subspecialty of medical imaging and focuses on the workup and the follow-up of cancer. Oncological imaging takes into account all the specificities of cancer diseases, which is a constantly evolving field, especially in the era of precision medicine, and plays a key role in the care of cancer patients. It permits reliable diagnosis and gives precious information concerning disease extension at diagnosis, which is essential for the treatment planning. Oncological imaging allows also followup of patients under treatment, using response evaluation scores. Interventional imaging, which provides minimally invasive procedures, is useful in order to obtain a histological diagnosis, to treat some tumour or to improve quality of life of cancer patients. Finally, numerous perspectives, among them the advent of artificial intelligence (radiomics), will further strengthen the role of oncologic imaging in the near future

Sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary reverse mapping: a tailoring axillary staging in breast cancer

peer reviewedThe status of the axillary lymph nodes is one of the most important prognostic factors in women with early stage breast cancer. Histologic examination of removed lymph nodes is the most accurate method for assessing spread of disease to these nodes. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) remains the standard approach for women who have clinically palpable axillary nodes. The benefits of ALND include its impact on disease control (axillary recurrence and survival), its prognostic value, and its role in treatment selection. However, the anatomic disruption caused by ALND may result in lymphedema, nerve injury, and shoulder dysfunction, which compromise functionality and quality of life. For patients who have clinically negative axillary lymph nodes, sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy offers a less morbid method to determine if there are positive nodes, in which case axillary node dissection would be necessary. Patients who are SLN-positive should undergo complete ALND. Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is a recent improvement of ALND which, like the biopsy of the GS, would reduce morbidity

An EANM position paper on the application of artificial intelligence in nuclear medicine.

peer reviewedArtificial intelligence (AI) is coming into the field of nuclear medicine, and it is likely here to stay. As a society, EANM can and must play a central role in the use of AI in nuclear medicine. In this position paper, the EANM explains the preconditions for the implementation of AI in NM and takes position

Facts and Fictions About [18F]FDG versus Other Tracers in Managing Patients with Brain Tumors: It Is Time to Rectify the Ongoing Misconceptions.

peer reviewedMRI is the first-choice imaging technique for brain tumors. Positron emission tomography can be combined together with multiparametric MRI to increase diagnostic confidence. Radiolabeled amino acids have gained wide clinical acceptance. The reported pooled specificity of [18F]FDG positron emission tomography is high and [18F]FDG might still be the first-choice positron emission tomography tracer in cases of World Health Organization grade 3 to 4 gliomas or [18F]FDG-avid tumors, avoiding the use of more expensive and less available radiolabeled amino acids. The present review discusses the additional value of positron emission tomography with a focus on [18F]FDG and radiolabeled amino acids

Nociception coma scale-revised scores correlate with metabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex.

BACKGROUND: . The Nociception Coma Scale-Revised (NCS-R) was recently validated to assess possible pain perception in patients with disorders of consciousness. OBJECTIVE: . To identify correlations between cerebral glucose metabolism and NCS-R total scores. METHODS: . [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, NCS-R, and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised assessments were performed in 49 patients with disorders of consciousness. RESULTS: . We identified a significant positive correlation between NCS-R total scores and metabolism in the posterior part of the anterior cingulate cortex, known to be involved in pain processing. No other cluster reached significance. No significant effect of clinical diagnosis (vegetative/unresponsive vs minimally conscious states), etiology or interval since insult was observed. CONCLUSIONS: . Our data support the hypothesis that the NCS-R total scores are related to cortical processing of nociception and may constitute an appropriate behavioral tool to assess, monitor, and treat possible pain in brain-damaged noncommunicative patients with disorders of consciousness. Future studies using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging should investigate the correlation between NCS-R scores and brain activation in response to noxious stimulation at the single-subject level

Application of artificial intelligence in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging: a review of current status and future perspectives for clinical translation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) will change the face of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging as it will in everyday life. In this review, we focus on the potential applications of AI in the field, both from a physical (radiomics, underlying statistics, image reconstruction and data analysis) and a clinical (neurology, cardiology, oncology) perspective. Challenges for transferability from research to clinical practice are being discussed as is the concept of explainable AI. Finally, we focus on the fields where challenges should be set out to introduce AI in the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging in a reliable manner

Functional imaging and radiotherapy

peer reviewedLes progrès technologiques réalisés par l’image- rie médicale l’ont placée au centre de la prise en charge des patients oncologiques, tant au niveau du diagnostic, du pro - nostic et du suivi que dans la prise en charge thérapeutique. En effet, l’imagerie représente, à l’heure actuelle, la pierre angulaire des traitements de radiothérapie. Les objectifs du radiothérapeute sont d’irradier le plus précisément possible la tumeur à dose curative, tout en évitant les organes sains. Pour y arriver, le radiothérapeute utilise de façon routinière l’imagerie anatomique (Scanner et IRM). Depuis quelques années, le développement des différentes imageries métabo - liques et fonctionnelles, comme l’imagerie par émission de positons (PET-CT) et la résonnance magnétique fonctionnelle, ouvrent de nouvelles possibilités thérapeutiques grâce aux informations qu’elles apportent sur la biologie des tumeurs. Cet article décrit, de manière non exhaustive, les différentes imageries anatomiques et métaboliques à la disposition du radiothérapeute

Frontal hypometabolism in neurocognitive disorder with behavioral disturbance

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